The Outsiders Essays (2238 words) - Films, The Outsiders, Greaser

The Outsiders The Outsiders Introduction In this book analysis, about the book "The Outsiders" by S. E. Hinton I will discuss character and plot development, as well as the setting, the author's style and my opinions about the book. In this part of the analysis I will give some information about the subjects of the book, and about the author. The author wrote the story when she was just 16 years old, in the 1950s. The book was successful, and it was sold, and still being sold, in many copies as a young adults novel. There was a movie made about it, and today there are still many schools that use this book in junior high and high schools for English classes. There were plays made about the book too. The Outsiders is about a gang. They live in a city in Oklahoma. Ponyboy Curtis, a 14 year old greaser, tells the story. Other characters include Sodapop and Darry, Ponyboy's brothers, Johnny, Dallas, and Two-Bit, that were also gang members and Ponyboy's friends. This story deals with two forms of social classes: the socs, the rich kids, and the greasers, the poor kids. The socs go around looking for trouble and greasers to beat up, and then the greasers are blamed for it, because they are poor and cannot affect the authorities. I hope you would enjoy and learn something about the book from reading this analysis. Plot Development The plot development in the book, "The Outsiders" by S.E. Hinton, was easy to follow. In this part of the book analysis I will give some more details about the plot development. There were no hooks or hurdles in the beginning of the book, the first sentence starts right away with the plot-without any forewords. This is the beginning of the first sentence: "When I stepped out into the bright sunlight from the darkness of the movie house..." (page 9). As you can see, it goes straight to the point without any prologues or any kind of introduction. The plot development in the middle of the story was sensible and easy to understand. It was clear and simple, and the events have occurred in a reasonable order. The ending of the story was a bit expected. I anticipated the death of Johnny because a broken neck usually means death. The death of Dally was not as predictable as Johnny's death because it was said that: "He was tougher than the rest of us-tougher, colder, meaner." (page 19). I did not think that such a tough person would get himself killed because of a death of a friend, although it was said a short time before the death of Dally that: "Johnny was the only thing Dally loved." (page 160). The climaxes at the end of the story were the deaths of Johnny and Dally. Here are quotations about the deaths: Johnny's death: "The pillow seemed to sink a little, and Johnny died." (page 157). Dally's death: "He was jerked half around by the impact of the bullets, then slowly crumpled with a look of grim triumph on his face. He was dead before he hit the ground." (page 162). To conclude I can say that the plot development was simple and easy to understand and to follow. The author organized it in a way that fits the actual content of the plot. Character Development The characters in the book, "The Outsiders" by S.E. Hinton, were not very heroic-they were just humans-it was easy to believe that this is the way they should be. The characters in the plot give the reader a feeling this can be a true story. The author has created the personality of the characters through the descriptions of Ponyboy-the narrator-and through their actions. Following are some examples of these methods of getting familiar with a character. Here is an example for a description of Ponyboy: "Steve Randle was seventeen, tall and lean, with thick greasy hair he kept combed in complicated swirls. He was cocky, smart, and Soda's best buddy since grade school. Steve's specialty was cars..." (page 17). The reader can find this kind of descriptions almost everywhere in the story, but especially in the beginning. I think the author put them there because the reader does not know the characters, and he needs to get familiar with them. The descriptions make the reader know the characters better and understand their actions. A good example of an action that was taken and suggested something about a character is the way Dally was killed. He wanted the police to kill him, so he robbed a store, and the police officers shoot him.

Francium Facts (Atomic Number 87 or Fr)

Francium Facts (Atomic Number 87 or Fr) Francium is a highly radioactive alkali metal with the atomic number 87 and element symbol Fr. Although it occurs naturally, it decays so quickly its very rare. In fact, scientists have never had a large enough sample of francium to know what it actually looks like! Learn about the chemical and physical properties of francium and what its used for. Francium Basic Facts Atomic Number: 87 Symbol: Fr Atomic Weight: 223.0197 Discovery: Discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute, Paris (France), francium was the last natural element to be discovered (others are synthetic). Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s1 Word Origin: Named for France, the home country of its discoverer. Isotopes: There are 33 known isotopes of francium. The longest-lived is Fr-223, a daughter of Ac-227, with a half-life of 22 minutes. This is the only naturally-occurring isotope of francium. Francium rapidly decays into astatine, radium, and radon. Properties: The melting point of francium is 27 Â °C, its boiling point is 677 Â °C, and its valence is 1. It is the second-least electronegative element, following cesium. It is the second rarest natural element, following astatine. Francium is the heaviest known member of the alkali metals series. It has the highest equivalent weight of any element and is the most unstable of the first 101 elements of the periodic system. All known isotopes of francium are highly unstable, so knowledge of the chemical properties of this element comes from radiochemical techniques. No weighable quantity of the element has ever been prepared or isolated. To date, the largest sample of francium consisted of only about 300,000 atoms. The chemical properties of francium most closely resemble those of cesium. Appearance: It is possible that francium may be a liquid rather than a solid at room temperature and pressure. Its expected the element would be a shiny metal in its pure state, like the other alkali metals, and that it would readily oxidize in air and react (very) vigorously with water. Uses: Francium is so rare and decays so quickly, it doesnt have any commercial applications. The element is used for research. It has been used in spectroscopy experiments to learn about coupling constants between subatomic particles and energy levels. Its possible the element may find application in diagnostic tests for cancer. Sources: Francium occurs as a result of an alpha disintegration of actinium. It can be produced by artificially bombarding thorium with protons. It occurs naturally in uranium minerals but there is probably less than an ounce of francium at any time in the total crust of the earth. Element Classification: Alkali Metal Francium Physical Data Melting Point (K): 300 Boiling Point (K): 950 Ionic Radius: 180 (1e) Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 15.7 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): ~375 Oxidation States: 1 Lattice Structure: Body-Centered Cubic Return to the Periodic Table Sources Bonchev, Danail; Kamenska, Verginia (1981). Predicting the Properties of the 113–120 Transactinide Elements. Journal of Physical Chemistry. American Chemical Society. 85 (9): 1177–1186. doi:10.1021/j150609a021Considine, Glenn D., ed. (2005). Francium, in Van Nostrands Encyclopedia of Chemistry. New York: Wiley-Interscience. p. 679. ISBN 0-471-61525-0.Emsley, John (2001). Natures Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 151–153. ISBN 0-19-850341-5.Lide, David R., ed. (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 11. CRC. pp. 180–181. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.

Purpose of copyright Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Purpose of copyright - Essay Example One of the primary aims of 'copyright' is to ensure society is rich with creative works. Without copyright, those who create different works would not create new works. When the government or the supposed agency provides laws that regulate the use of an artist’s work, it becomes easier and mandatory for any other potential author, musician, or producer to come up with his or her creation (Nadel, 2004:790). This ensures that the society continues to receive new creative works purposefully because a writer has no claim over other’s personal creation. Profoundly, the society gets to enjoy fresh talent in terms of music creation, production, broadcasting, and writing since there are laws, which govern, regulate, and protect previous work done by somebody else (Collins, 2010:4). This makes it hard for the interested author, scholar, or any type of artist to take someone else work and claim it as own (Netanel, 1996:5). The copyright law has a purpose of promoting the progress of substantial science and arts by safeguarding the exclusive rights of the author and the patent ownership of an inventor (Seville, 2006:22). According to the stipulations set out by the copyright agencies, this aspect of protecting the patent rights of an inventor or author helps creators of certain works benefit from their authorship works (Collins, 2010:5). An author is, therefore, to maintain his or her daily activities mainly because he or she is receiving benefits from his creative work. Musicians, actors, and producers, for instance, pocket substantial amounts of financial gains frequently majorly from their creative works (Nadel, 2004:796). Musicians are able to perform their own songs in different functions where they receive money in exchange for entertainment through their works of creation. With reference to the contemporary world, entertainers are taking over the world of riches by being the most paid individuals on the planet. The US Copyright Act (1976) indicates that copyright protects all creative works including but not limited to unpublished work, which is in a tangible form, published works, and work kept in a record form among others (Macmillan, 2005:77). This means that, even writers whose works are in a tangible and fixed state are able to receive protection from the copyright law. In the United States as well as in many other countries, the federal government or any other responsible arm of the government regulates the copyright law by registering all the copyrighted works via the Official Copyright Agency (Netanel, 1996:8). It also ensures regulation of the copyright law by enforcing copyright laws in the court of law. Maintaining the works of an artist by keeping original and owned by the same

Engage Gladwell, Olson, and Nathan in a conversation to explain how Essay - 1

Engage Gladwell, Olson, and Nathan in a conversation to explain how individuals - Essay Example People spend most part of their childhood, until early adulthood, in learning institutions. For that reason, it is likely that they will grow up with what they learn. This will also increase interaction with other groups and fortify relationships (Olson 339). Gladwell joins Olson through the focus on Freedom schools (Gladwell 233). On the other hand, Nathan points out those students who do not socialize benefit less from integrated schools (Nathan 321). In the main, intermarriages bring together people of different races. Intercommunity dating is an asset rather than a liability (Olson 343). In Olson view, advantages of intermarriages outweigh disadvantages. Social interactions such as intermarriages should be encouraged (Nathan, 319). In essence, this will reduce intolerance by the children born from parents of different races. These children will be more open to the whole world at large, hence build stronger relationships. Open-mindedness, especially on issues relating to intermarriages, strengthens relationships. Inclusion, sharing and participation are important (Nathan 317). Acquaintances are also important since they generate more ideas than friends do (Gladwell 234). By sharing information through social media, people accept other people’s culture and develop strong relationships. In addition, cultural differences become less, for the greater good of the

Women's health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Women's health - Essay Example This paper discusses some diets that are being increasingly recommended for weight loss by the dieticians and nutritionists: The founder of Atkins diet – Dr. Robert C. Atkins says that he has proposed â€Å"the amazing no-hunger weight-loss plan that has helped millions lose weight and keep it off.† (Kennedy, n.d.). Atkins diet has been designed in such a manner that it follows the â€Å"ketosis principle† in that it burns excess body fat. This is achieved by taking-in food that has a highly suppressed amount of carbohydrate while that of protein is enlarged. Human body develops excess fat as a result of high insulin levels that are produced by the excessive in-take of carbohydrates. The high amount of insulin in the blood raises sugar levels considerably and the unused energy is stored as fat, ultimately contributing to the development of obesity. With reduced carbohydrate intake, the body relies on secondary source of energy i.e. stored fat. Within a couple of days, results show up in the form of weight loss and improved body figure. Atkins diet comprises four stages, namely the â€Å"Induction stage, Ongoing weight loss stage, Pre-maintenance stage, and Maintenance stage.† (Kennedy, n.d.). The Induction stage lasts for 2 weeks and foods to be taken are defined at the start of the stage. The person can take absolutely none of a food that was not included in the plan in the start. However, once the Induction stage is over, a little leniency is offered in terms of leverage of food. In-take of carbohydrate increases in successive stages. The metabolism ultimately gets attuned to function in a way that regulates the weight despite normal in-take of carbohydrates and fat. South Beach diet was introduced by Dr. Agatston in the 1990s, who wanted a change in the conventional low-fat diet plans so as to make them more satisfying to the food cravings. (Real Women’s Fitness, 2010). South Beach Diet focuses upon

Keystone Foundation A Organisation Located At Kotagiri History Essay

Keystone Foundation A Organisation Located At Kotagiri History Essay Keystone Foundation, a Non-Governmental Organisation located at Kotagiri, Tamil Nadu. Keystone started their operations with the indigenous communities of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) in the year 1996. The idea for a livelihood intervention in the Nilgiris came up with a survey of the apiculture which the founders of Keystone took in the year 1994. This survey brought then in touch with the local communities living in the area and provided them an insight into the conditions of the tribal communities living in the NBR. The various issues faced by the local communities were as follows: Exploitation of tribal people by the middlemen/traders A lot of unfair practices with respect to weights and measures were being used by the middlemen The tribes had a poor bargaining power with the traders and had to sell their produce within days/weeks Most of the NTFP that the communities dealt with were directly linked to the problem of conservation of forests. The visit also provided them with more information about socio-cultural aspects of the communities. The larger issues of changes in land use, reduction in forest cover, overuse of fertilizers and pesticides came to the fore The Keystone foundation thus started its work in 1996 with the mission to enhance the Quality of life and the Environment with indigenous communities using eco-developmental approaches and sought to intervene in the NTFP space. Today, it has completed more than a decade in the Nilgiris and works with the communities on a whole lot of issues like apiculture, NTFP, water and land management, development of micro-enterprises and a whole lot of other issues that concern the people of this region. The communities impacted The NBR is home to a many indigenous communities. Hunting and food gathering are the prime occupation to many of these communities. The reserve contains various communities like Paniyas, Irulas, Kurumbas, Kuruchiyans, and Mullukurumbas etc. Each of these communities differs from the rest in some particular characteristic. Keystone works with the Kurumba and the Irula communities. Both the communities are pre-agricultural communities. Shifting agriculture was practised among the Irulas until some time ago. Today, most of these communities have settled down in a permanent place in the Nilgiris and have demarcated their land for agriculture. A mixed cropping system comprising of millets, maize, vegetable and fruits etc. is followed by the communities. Both Kurumbas and Irulas are primarily into honey hunting. While the former specialises in rock honey hunting the later community is involved in tree honey hunting. Both the communities are known for their methods of collection of plants ( for food and medicine) from the surrounding forests. The need for Intervention The intervention by Keystone Foundation was initiated to solve some of the following issues faced by the communities: The womenfolk of both the communities suffered from low blood count and anaemia. They often fell ill. Lack of nutritious food was one of the prime reasons for the low immunity which increased the susceptibility to diseases. Traditional practices which these tribes followed were on the decline. There was also a shift in the agriculture from food to plantation crops. Exploitation by middlemen and traders in the process of getting their produce to the market Degradation of forests at a rapid pace The Intervention Keystone planned its intervention in the following manner: Conduct a survey of flora and fauna available in the regions and document them. In addition to this, the various methods to harvest NTFP were also documented. Design a plan to obtain NTFPs from local sources at regular intervals Add value to the NTFP product through various means Set up a system of fair weights and measures together with a payments system that is transparent Generate employment opportunities for the tribal community in the process of value addition Help in setting up micro enterprises which will add value to the community through skill development Common Property Resources: The adivasi communities were dependent on common property resources like pasturelands for the purpose of agriculture. The manner in which these commons were use played an important part in the development of the community. The success of any institution built on these commons depended on the tenure rights the community had on the commons. There has been large scale encroachment on the commons and keystone had to work in clearing these hurdles before it could proceed further. The interests of other villagers in claiming forests as common property reduce if forests are encroached by a private owner. Old animosity also surface in collective actions in villages which can lead to a breakdown of the institution. Normally, lands are registered with a common title for the whole community in the case of adivasis. The very fact that the boundaries of these lands are not very clearly marked makes it difficult for the adivasi communities to claim them and easier for the private owners to encroach upon them. To help the villagers take up farming, Keystone first set out to help them demarcate their land. Staff from Keystone used GPS systems to identify the boundaries and marked them with plant species like Agave, Sapindus which were planted on these boundaries by the communities themselves. The identification of boundaries required many rounds of negotiations with the estate owners in area and also the help of forest guards. This helped many villages in recovering land for their common use. Around 27 acres that were taken away under a social forestry scheme was recovered by the villagers of Nedugalcombei. Vellericombei and Pudurcombei recovered 90 and 65 acres respectively. These plots were again demarcated by planting trees at the boundaries. In fact, Keystone with the support of villagers succeeded in recovering 80 acres of village land from Sajbhas Estate by getting into litigation for the same. This land has now been put to good use by cultivating millets, vegetables, coffee and spice s on it. The lands belonging to the adivasis in the Kotagiri and Coonoor regions have low biomass content. Most of these lands lie in the rain shadow region and are prone to landslips and erosions. Keystone supported the communities further by helping with the preparation of the lands that have been marked. This involved the process of building bunds and gully plugs of stone, helping to grow vegetative bunds on steep slopes and making contour trenches. The steps to improve the conditions of soil like mulching and increasing biomass were also undertaken. In addition to the above steps, Keystone also played the facilitators role in creating a nursery, a seed bank, improving the methods of irrigation used and helping then to use tanks made out of polyline from storing water. The villagers went through training courses in organic farming techniques which helped them to shift to the organic method. Additional capacity building measures in the form credit facilities and revolving fund was created for every group of farmers formed. These groups were formed in order to contribute labour to the land preparation activities. Each of the revolving funds was handled by the members of the co mmunity. Prior to the tasks of land preparation, Keystone engaged in a dialogue with the community to revive the traditional farming practices used by the community. An interaction between the elders and the youngster of the community help in bringing out many traditional practices and food recipes to the notice of the younger generation. Setting up of NTFP based micro enterprises Keystone Foundation set up micro enterprises to work on the processing of the non timber forest produce gathered by the villagers. These enterprises were set up with the following objectives in mind: To increase the income and employment in the village To help in improving infrastructure and knowledge skills of the tribals To help them understand the importance of adding value to the NTFPs so that they can obtain better returns for the same. The infrastructure for the enterprises was established by Keystone with the help of the donor funds it received for the purpose. The member of the community who were interested in getting involved with the functioning of the micro enterprises was grouped together. These groups governed the functioning of the community centres. The staff members from Keystone were involved in the day to day functioning of these centres and in the process the community members were also trained to do the same. These production centres were started with the aim of converting them into community managed institutions which were managed by the local community. The production centres were set up with the following factors in mind: Location: Each centre was located at a place that was easily accessible to the member of the various communities Processing: There was a restriction placed on the kind of NTFPs a centre could produce. Only the forest products that were available in plenty in the region were processed by that centre. Infrastructure: The provision for infrastructure was taken care by the foundation Management: The members of the community managed the functioning of the production centres. Protecting the commons One of the most used raw materials by the communities under the intervention of Keystone was the NTFPs. The usage of these had to be monitored regularly to prevent misuse and extinction of the resource. Keystone has come up with a good monitoring system in order to ensure that the stock of NTFPs is not used completely. The system works on the basis of trust within the community. As the tribal communities have a strong bond with each other, any action by any of the member will be known to the other members of the community. Keystone built a system of monitoring by the villagers that worked on this trust. The main features of the system were: Monitoring the farms of the group members by a villager. The people of the community took turns to perform the monitoring Frequent visits by Keystone staff to inspect the local farms. These visits also helped the staff to provide any suggestion to the member on how to improve on their farming methods This method of ecological monitoring that is followed by Keystone helps in maintains the livelihood of the members. A couple of examples of monitoring of the resource extraction are cited below: For NTFPs: The various characteristics of a new batch of honey that is brought in by the tribal are documented by Keystone. The documentation contains following data: Name of the honey hunters who extracted it The composition of the honey in terms of its water content The location of the hives i.e. the area where it is found and the height of the combs Details of the colonies of bees harvested etc Maps depicting the honey zones in the locality have been plotted. In order to maintain the gene pools, Keystone has labelled some of the locations as god cliffs. Any honey brought in by a new person is checked for its properties through various means before it can be accepted by the foundation. For cultivated produce: Keystone captures the various data of the farmers and verified any produce that is brought in using these records. This helps in keeping a check on over use of mismanagement of the resources. Leadership: At different stages in the intervention, Keystone foundation sought the help of leaders of the tribal communities for the mobilisation. As most of the tribal communities have closely knit society, the presence of the local leaders has played a very important role in the intervention by the foundation. With the setting up of seed banks and production centre, many of the locals were encouraged to take up leadership roles in the community. This ensured the continuous development of leaders with the villagers. Collective Entrepreneurship: Each of the production centres that processed the NTFPs gathered by the community members were managed by 4-6 members of the community. These centres were operated by these members on a rotational basis. The participants were all skilled in processing of NTFP that were gathered from the forests. These products produced were marketed at the Green Shop that were established by the foundation at selected locations. Conclusion The intervention by Keystone foundation in the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve is an example of collective action on behalf of the tribal communities that inhabit this region. The initial phase of the intervention started off by getting the community members together to believe in collective action. Slowly over a period of time, with the support of the communities, Keystone was able to identify the commons and come up with a system of monitoring operated by the community members themselves. The controlled usage of the common resources led to an improvement in the status of the member of the communities. Keystone also succeeded in bringing about collective entrepreneurship among the tribes in order to market the products made by their people.

Impact of the Ratification of the 13th Amendment on Commerce Essay

Background Information on the Thirteenth Amendment: The 13th amendment to the United States’ constitution was introduced in order to free the slaves from slavery and make united states a free country by abolishing and prohibiting slavery. This amendment finalized the abolition of slave trade in the United States. The 13th amendment has its origin in the proposition made by Abraham Lincoln to his cabinet in relation to the freeing of all slaves in the rebellious states. It was proposed by the 38th congress of the United States and passed by the senate on 8th April 1864 before being adopted on the 6th of December in 1865 following the announcement of the secretary of state who declared it to have been adopted. President Lincoln made an emancipation proclamation which was aimed at outlawing slavery in the ten confederation states which resulted in the abolition of slavery in the confederate states. However slave trade continued on the Border States until the thirteenth amendment was formulated. This amendment ended slavery in all parts of the United States including the Border States. Section 1 of this amendment provides that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist within the United States except in conditions where the individual was being punished because of crimes committed. The ratification of this amendment was completed on 6th December 1865 following the approval by most of the states (Goluboff 1609). The ratification of the 13th amendment had a significant impact on commerce since slaves were the main source of labor in most industries, factories and agricultural plantations. After this ratification, slaves were released from plantations and factories which forced more white men to work in plantations and fa... ...y or other heavy equipments. There was a significant decline in exports in these states which was followed by the collapse of their currency and this made it difficult for these states to obtain credit (Engerman 208).Significant reduction in agricultural production across the state resulted in scarcity of agricultural commodities which in turn increased the prices of agricultural products as well as export surpluses. References Goluboff, R. (2001). The 13th amendment and the lost origins of civil rights. Duke Law Journal, 50 (228): 1609 Engerman, S.L. (1982). Economic adjustments to emancipation in the United States and British West Indies. The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 13(2): 191 – 220 McGlynn, F., and Drescher, S. (1992). The meaning of freedom economics, politics and culture after slavery. Pittsburgh, Pa: University of Pittsburgh Press.

The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 6

Elena was using all her considerable talents at negotiation to calm Matt down, encouraging him to order a second and third Belgian waffle; smiling at him across the table. But it wasn't much good. Matt was moving as if he were driven to rush, while at the same time he couldn't take his eyes off her. He's still imagining Damon swooping down and terrorizing some young girl, Elena thought helplessly. Damon wasn't there when they stepped out of the coffee shop. Elena saw the frown between Matt's eyebrows begin and had a brainstorm. â€Å"Why don't we take the Jag to a used-car dealership? If we're going to give up the Jaguar, I want your advice on what we get in return.† â€Å"Yeah, my advice on beat-up, falling-apart heaps has got to be the best,† Matt said, with a wry smile that said he knew Elena was managing him, but he didn't mind. The single car dealership in the town didn't look very promising. But even it was not as depressed-looking as the owner of the lot. Elena and Matt found him asleep inside a small office building with dirty windows. Matt tapped gently on the smudged window and eventually the man started, jerked up in his chair, and angrily waved them away. But Matt tapped again on the window when the man began to put his head down once more, and this time the man sat up very slowly, gave them a look of bitter despair, and came to the door. â€Å"What do you want?† he demanded. â€Å"A trade-in,† Matt said loudly before Elena could say it softly. â€Å"You teenagers have a car to trade,† the little man said darkly. â€Å"In all my twenty years owning this place – â€Å" â€Å"Look.† Matt stepped back to reveal the brilliant red Jag shining in the morning sun like a giant rose on wheels. â€Å"A brand-new Jaguar XZR. Zero to sixty in 3.7 seconds! A 550-horsepower supercharged AJ-V8 GEN III R engine with 6-speed ZF automatic transmission! Adaptive Dynamics and Active Differential for exceptional traction and handling! There is no car like the XZR!† Matt finished nose to nose with the little man, whose mouth had slowly come open as his eyes flickered between the car and the boy. â€Å"You want to trade that in for something on this lot?† he said, shocked into frank disbelief. â€Å"As if I'd have the cash to – waitaminute!† he interrupted himself. His eyes stopped flickering and became the eyes of a poker player. His shoulders came up, but his head didn't, giving him the appearance of a vulture. â€Å"Don't want it,† he said flatly and made as if to go back into the office. â€Å"What do you mean you don't want it? You were drooling over it a minute ago!† Matt shouted, but the man had stopped wincing. His expression didn't change. I should have done the talking, Elena thought. I wouldn't have gotten into a war from word one – but it's too late now. She tried to shut out the male voices and looked at the dilapidated cars on the lot, each with its own dusty little sign tucked into the windshield: 10 PERCENT OFF FOR XMAS! EASY CREDIT! CLEAN! GRANNY-OWNED SPECIAL! NO DOWN-PAYMENT! CHECK IT OUT! She was afraid she was going to burst into tears at any second. â€Å"No call for a car like that around here,† the owner was saying expressionlessly. â€Å"Who'd buy it?† â€Å"You're crazy! This car will bring customers flocking in. It's – it's advertising! Better than that purple hippo over there.† â€Å"Not a hippo. S'an elephant.† â€Å"Who can tell, with it half deflated like that?† With dignity, the owner stalked over to look at the Jag. â€Å"Not brand-new. S'got too many miles on it.† â€Å"It was bought only two weeks ago.† â€Å"So? In a few more weeks, Jaguar will be advertising next year's cars.† The owner waved a hand at Elena's giant rose of a vehicle. â€Å"Obsolete.† â€Å"Obsolete!† â€Å"Yeah. Big car like this, gas guzzler – â€Å" â€Å"It's more energy efficient than a hybrid – !† â€Å"You think people know that? They see it – â€Å" â€Å"Look, I could take this car anywhere else – â€Å" â€Å"Then take it. On my lot, here and now, that car is barely worth one car in exchange!† â€Å"Two cars.† The new voice came from directly behind Matt and Elena, but the car dealer's eyes widened as if he had just seen a ghost. Elena turned and met Damon's unfathomable black gaze. He had his Ray-Bans hooked over his T-shirt and was standing with his hands behind his back. He was looking hard at the car dealer. A few moments passed, and then†¦ â€Å"The†¦silver Prius in the back right corner. Under†¦under the awning,† the car dealer said slowly, and with a dazed expression – in answer to no question that had been asked aloud. â€Å"I'll†¦take you there,† he added in a voice to match his expression. â€Å"Take the keys with you. Let the boy test-drive it,† Damon ordered, and the owner fumbled to show a key ring at his belt, and then walked slowly away, staring at nothing. Elena turned to Damon. â€Å"One guess. You asked him which was the best car on his lot.† â€Å"Substitute ‘least disgusting' and you'd be closer,† Damon said. He flashed a brilliant smile at her for a tenth of a second, and then turned it off. â€Å"But, Damon, why two cars? I know it's more fair and all, but what are we going to do with the second car?† â€Å"Caravan,† Damon said. â€Å"Oh, no.† But even Elena could see the benefits of this – at least after they held a summit to decide on a rotation schedule between the cars for Elena. She sighed. â€Å"Well – if Matt agrees†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Mutt will agree,† Damon said, looking very briefly – very briefly – as innocent as an angel. â€Å"What have you got behind your back?† Elena said, deciding not to pursue the question of what Damon intended to do to Matt. Damon smiled again, but this time it was an odd smile, just a quirk of one side of his mouth. His eyes said it was nothing much. But his right hand came out and it was holding the most beautiful rose Elena had ever seen in her life. It was the deepest red rose she had ever seen, yet there wasn't a hint of purple to it – it was just velvety burgundy, and open at exactly the moment of full bloom. It looked as if it would be plush to the touch, and its vivid green stem, with just a few delicate leaves here and there, was at least eighteen inches long and straight as a ruler. Elena resolutely put her own hands behind her back. Damon wasn't the sentimental type – even when he got on his â€Å"Princess of the Night† soapbox. The rose probably had something to do with their journey. â€Å"Don't you like it?† Damon said. Elena might be imagining it, but it almost sounded as if he were disappointed. â€Å"Of course I like it. What's it for?† Damon settled back. â€Å"It's for you, Princess,† he said, looking hurt. â€Å"Don't worry; I didn't steal it.† No – he wouldn't have stolen it. Elena knew exactly how he would have gotten the rose†¦but it was so pretty†¦. As she still made no move to take the rose, Damon lifted it and allowed the cool, silky-feeling petals to caress her cheek. It made her shiver. â€Å"Stop it, Damon,† she murmured, but she didn't seem to be able to step backward. He didn't stop. He used the cool, softly rustling petals to outline the other side of her face. Elena took a deep breath automatically, but what she smelled was not flowerlike at all. It was the smell of some dark, dark wine, something ancient and fragrant that had once made her drunk immediately. Drunk on Black Magic and on her own heady excitement†¦just to be with Damon. But that wasn't the real me, a small voice in her head protested. I love Stefan. Damon†¦I want†¦I want to†¦ â€Å"Do you want to know why I got this particular rose?† Damon was saying softly, his voice blending in with her memories. â€Å"I got it because of its name. It's a Black Magic rose.† â€Å"Yes,† Elena said simply. She'd known that before he said it. It was the only name that fit. Now Damon was giving her a rose kiss by swirling the blossom in a circle on her cheek and then applying pressure. The firmer petals in the middle pressed into her skin, while the outer petals just brushed it. Elena was feeling distinctly light-headed. The day was warm and humid already; how could the rose feel so cool? Now the outermost petals had moved to trace her lips, and she wanted to say no, but somehow the word wouldn't come. It was as if she had been transported back in time, back to the days when Damon had first appeared to her, had first claimed her for his own. When she had almost let him kiss her before she knew his name†¦. He hadn't changed his ideas since then. Vaguely, Elena remembered thinking something like that before. Damon changed other people while remaining unchanged himself. But I've changed, Elena thought, and suddenly there was quicksand under her feet. I've changed so much since then. Enough to see things in Damon I'd never imagined could be there. Not just the wild and angry dark parts, but the gentle parts. The honor and decency that were trapped like veins of gold inside that stone boulder in his mind. I have to help him, Elena thought. Somehow, I have to help him – and the little boy chained outside the boulder. These thoughts had trickled slowly through her mind while it seemed separated from her body. She was so involved with them, in fact, that she somehow lost track of her body, and only now did she realize how much closer Damon had gotten. Her back was against one of the sad, sagging cars. And Damon was speaking lightly, but with an undertone of seriousness. â€Å"A rose for a kiss, then?† he asked. â€Å"It is called Black Magic, and I did come by it honestly. Her name was†¦it was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Damon stopped, and for a moment a look of intense bewilderment flashed across his face. Then he smiled, but it was the warrior's smile, the brilliant one he turned on and off almost before you were sure you had seen it. Elena sensed trouble. Sure, Damon still didn't remember Matt's name correctly, but she had never known him to forget a girl's name when he was really trying to remember. Especially within minutes of when he must have fed from that girl. Shinichi again? Elena wondered. Was he still taking Damon's memories – only the highlights, of course? The thrills, good or bad? Elena knew that Damon himself was thinking the same thing. His black eyes were smoldering. Damon was furious – but there was a certain vulnerability about his fury. Without thinking, Elena put her hands on Damon's forearms. She ignored the rose, even as he traced the curve of her cheekbone with it. She tried to speak steadily. â€Å"Damon, what are we going to do?† That was the scene that Matt walked in on. Ran in on, actually. He came weaving through a maze of cars, and dashed around a white SUV with one flat tire, shouting, â€Å"Hey, you guys, that Prius is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And then he stopped dead. Elena knew what he was seeing: Damon caressing her with the rose, while she was practically embracing him. She let go of Damon's arms, but she couldn't back away from him because of the car behind her. â€Å"Matt – † Elena began, and then her voice trailed off. She had been about to say â€Å"This isn't what it looks like. We're not in the middle of a cuddle. I'm not really touching him.† But this was what it looked like. She cared about Damon; she had been trying to get through to him†¦. With a small shock, that thought repeated itself with the force of a shaft of sunlight shooting through an unprotected vampire's body. She cared about Damon. She really did. It was usually difficult being with him because they were alike in so many ways. Headstrong, each wanting their own way, passionate, impatient†¦ She and Damon were alike. Small shocks were going though Elena, and her entire body felt weak. She found herself glad to lean against the car behind her, even though it must be getting dust all over her clothes. I love Stefan, she thought almost hysterically. He's the only one I love. But I need Damon to get to him. And Damon may be falling to pieces in front of me. She was looking at Matt all the while, her eyes full of tears that would not fall. She blinked, but they stubbornly stayed on her lashes. â€Å"Matt†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she whispered. He said nothing. He didn't need to. It was all in his expression: astonishment turning to something Elena had never seen before, not when he was looking at her. It was a sort of alienation that shut her out completely, that severed any bonds between them. â€Å"Matt, no†¦Ã¢â‚¬  But it came out in a whisper. And then, to her astonishment, Damon spoke. â€Å"You do know it's all me, don't you? You can hardly blame a girl for trying to defend herself.† Elena looked at her hands, which were shaking now. Damon was going on, â€Å"You know it's all my fault. Elena would never – â€Å" That was when Elena realized. Damon was Influencing Matt. â€Å"No!† She took Damon off guard, grabbing him again, shaking him. â€Å"Don't do it! Not to Matt!† The black eyes that were turned on hers were definitely not those of a suitor. Damon had been interrupted in the use of his Power. If it had been anyone else, they would have ended as a small spot of grease on the ground. â€Å"I'm saving you,† Damon said coldly. â€Å"Are you refusing me?† Elena found herself wavering. Maybe, if it was only once, and only for Matt's benefit†¦ Something surged up inside her. It was all she could do not to let her aura escape completely. â€Å"Never try that on me again,† Elena said. Her voice was quiet but icy. â€Å"Don't you dare ever try to Influence me! And leave Matt alone!† Something like approval flickered in the endless darkness of Damon's gaze. It was gone before she could be sure she'd seen it. But when he spoke, he seemed less distant. â€Å"All right,† he said to Matt. â€Å"What's the game plan now? You name it.† Matt answered slowly, not looking at either of them. He was flushed but deadly calm. â€Å"I was going to say, that Prius isn't bad at all. And the dealer guy has another one. It's in okay condition. We could have two cars just alike.† â€Å"And then we could caravan and split up if someone was following us! They won't know which to follow.† Normally Elena would have thrown her arms around Matt at this point. But Matt was looking at his shoes, which was probably just as well really, since Damon had his eyes shut and was shaking his head slightly as if he couldn't believe something idiotic. That's right, Elena thought. It's my aura – or Damon's – that they're homing in on. We can't confuse them with identical cars unless we have identical auras, too. Which really meant that she should drive with Matt the whole way. But Damon would never accept that. And she needed Damon to get to her beloved, her one and only, her true mate: Stefan. â€Å"I'll take the ratty one,† Matt was saying, arranging it with Damon and ignoring her. â€Å"I'm used to ratty cars. I already arranged a deal with the guy. We should get going.† Still speaking only to Damon, he said, â€Å"You'll have to tell me where we're really going. We might get separated.† Damon was silent for a long moment. Then, brusquely, he said, â€Å"Sedona, Arizona, for a start.† Matt looked disgusted. â€Å"That place full of New Age lunatics? You're kidding.† â€Å"I said we'll start out from Sedona. It's complete wilderness – nothing but rock – all around it. You could get lost†¦very easily.† Damon flashed the brilliant smile and instantly turned it off. â€Å"We'll be at the Juniper Resort, off North Highway 89A,† he added smoothly. â€Å"I've got it,† Matt said. Elena could see no emotion in either his face or his expression, but his aura was seething red. â€Å"Now, Matt,† Elena began, â€Å"we should really meet every night, so if you just follow us – † She broke off with a sharply inhaled breath. Matt had already turned around. He didn't turn back when she spoke. He just kept going, without another word. Without a backward glance.

Judiciary of Indian Subcontinent Essay

The present legal and judicial system of Bangladesh owes its origin mainly to two hundred years British rule in the Indian Sub-Continent although some elements of it are remnants of Pre-British period tracing back to Hindu and Muslim administration. It passed through various stages and has been gradually developed as a continuous historical process. The process of evolution has been partly indigenous and partly foreign and the legal system of the present day emanates from a mixed system which has structure, legal principles and concepts modeled on both Indo-Mughal and English law. The Indian sub-continent has a known history of over five hundred years with Hindu and Muslim periods which preceeded the British period, and each of these early periods had a distinctive legal system of its own. The Hindu period extends for nearly 1500 years before and after the beginning of the Christian era. The ancient India was divided into several independent states and the king was the Supreme authority of each state. So far as the administration of justice was concerned, the king was considered to be the fountain of justice and was entrusted with the Supreme authority of administration of justice in his kingdom. The Muslim period starts with the invasion of the Muslim rulers in the Indian sub-continent in 1100 A.D. The Hindu Kingdoms began to disintegrate gradually with the invasion of Muslim rulers at the end of eleventh and at the beginning of twelfth century. When the Muslims conquered all the states, they brought with them the theory based o n the Holy Quran, their religious book. According to the Holy Quran, sovereignty lies in the hand of Almighty Allah and the king is His humble servant to carry out His will on the earth. The ruler was Almighty’s chosen agent and trustee. The modernization of ancient Indian legal and judicial system took place in the hand of the Britis h people who came here as being trading company under a series of Royal Charters. East India Company gradually established control and possession over Bombay, Madras and Calcutta which were later on known as Presidency Towns. Ultimately the Company participated in administration of justice in co-operation with the local authorities. The Charter of 1726 issued by King George-I, by way of granting Letters Patent to the Company, was the first gateway to introduce English legal and judicial system in India. Later on, Charter of 1753 was issued by King George-II with a view to remove the defects of the Charter of 1726. To improve the system, the secret committee of House of Commons intervened, and passed the Regulation Act, 1773 under which the King issued a separate Charter of 1774 establishing the Supreme Court of judicature at Calcutta. Subsequently, Supreme Courts were established in Madras in 1801 and in Bombay in 1824. In 1853, the first Law Commission was established in India and an all India legislature was created whose laws were to be binding on all Courts. East India Company was dissolved and the Government of India was taken over by the British Crown in 1858, following the event of mutiny in 1857. The Civil Procedure Code, Criminal Procedure Code, Penal Code, Evidence Act, etc. were enacted and with this common legal fabric, the British Parliament in 1861 enacted Indian High Courts Act which provided for the establishment of High Courts in three Presidency Towns (Calcutta, Bombay & Madras) replacing the Supreme Court. After the establishment of High Courts a regular hierarchy of Civil and Criminal Courts were established by Civil Courts Act, 1887 and Criminal Procedure Code, 1898 respectively. The present system of Civil and Criminal Court, in Indian sub-Continent has their legal basis by virtue of these Civil Courts Act, 1887 and Criminal Procedure Code, 1898 respectively. The British Parliament declared India & Pakistan as independent dominions on 15 August, 1947 by the Indian Independence Act, 1947. This Act also provide that until the new Constitutions were framed for independent India & Pakistan, the Government of these two countries were to run by the Government of India Act, 1935. Judicial structure mostly remained the same as it was before 1947. The Government of India Act.1935 changed the structure of the Government from unitary to that of federal type. Accordingly, in both India and Pakistan Federal Court was retained to function until new constitutions were framed. Pakistan constituent Assembly passed the privy council (Abolition of Jurisdiction) Act, 1950 which abolished the system of appeal to the Privy Council from the Federal Court of Pakistan. The Federal Court appeared as the highest Court in Pakistan till 1956, when the High courts in the provinces and the Supreme Court of Pakistan in the centre were established under the new Constitution. In Pakistan, the constitution of 1956 was abrogated in 1958 and another one was introduced in 1962, but the whole judicial structure remained all the same. After liberation in 1971, Bangladesh adopted its Constitution in 1972, which provides the structure and functioning of the Supreme Court comprising with the High Court Division and the Appellate Division. Needless to say that in Bangladesh the sub-ordinate judiciary both in Civil and Criminal side originated from Civil Court Act, 1887 and Criminal Procedure Code, 1898. Apart from this, in Bangladesh there are some other special laws providing for the basis of some special courts, such as labor court, Juvenile Court, Administrative tribunal etc.

Discussion Board Example

Discussion Board Example Discussion Board – Coursework Example February 7, Psychology Discussion Research can be done several ways. The paper delves on the research methods. The paperfocuses on the god-related research. Ungodly research should be avoided. Statement 1: â€Å"Research methods†¦godly.† The book of 1 John’s verse 1 espouses that we should not believe all spirit (Wiersbe, 2011). Instead, people should test whether each spirit is from God or not. The verse continues to state that many false prophets crop up in our world. The verse requires everyone to research whether someone who claims to be Christ or from God. Test can be done several ways (methods). One test is to use the statistics tools (Coolican, 2013). Statistics tools include variance analysis, mean, median, standard deviation or mode. Test can be done by asking confirmatory information from another person or source. During Christ’s time, the temple religious leaders believed Jesus blasphemed because Jesus claims to be God’s son. To test inc ludes determining whether the act of the person complies with God’s espoused concepts or instructions. Statement 2: â€Å"Research methods†¦ungodly.†Genesis 2, verse 17 affirms research methods can be ungodly (Wiersbe, 2011). The verse prohibits Adam and Eve to engaging in research, they are prohibited from determining whether God is telling the truth. God prohibits Adam and Eve from eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge. However, Adam and Eat became curious. The snake, Satan, convince the two humans to eat the fruit from the tree of life. Eating the fruit is one prohibited research method. One research method is to cook the apple before eating. Another research method is eating raw apple (not cooked). Based on the above verse discussions, research can be done in many ways. The bible espouses godly research. However, some individuals prefer ungodly research. Evidently, ungodly research must be evaded for being violating God’s instructions.References: Coolican, H. (2013). Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology. New York: Routledge Press.Wiersbe, W. (2011). The Wiersbe Bible Study Series. New York: David Cook. Discussion Board Example Discussion Board – Article Example Graduate Undergraduate and Graduate School February 8, 2013Graduate vs. Undergrad I remember when I first entered undergraduate and I thought this is going to be fun. There will be many discussions and lectures and projects and I will learn what I want to do, but in graduate it is even more fun even though now I am in my chosen field graduate school is where I can make changes in my field to improve the many facets in education, administration and how the public views my field of study. I expect much more writing in graduate school than in undergraduate. There will be more analysis to go along with more lectures. These lectures will be mainly what the professors have contributed to the particular area of study, so this will lead to a lot more reading. In an undergraduate learning community you are learning all the basic information, the terminology of your field and it is the preparation for beginning work in your chosen field of study. The undergraduate community is where you are ma king connections with what is taught in the classroom and making connections with others in the fields. A graduate learning community is where you are reading, writing, and analyzing what is already in your field and you will be able to make possible changes and you will be able to ask questions about how you can go about making adjustments to the field. Graduate school is when you can share your own working experience in your field of study and to expand your knowledge and to see how you can make the necessary changes that you think are important.(Grand Canyon University, 2011) Graduate school is also a time to see if maybe you will want to teach or do research. Graduate school is the time that you can find different ways to improve learning in all fields of study. This is a time that students make judgments about their fields and look for more ideas that will improve their profession. ReferenceGrand Canyon University. â€Å"Being a Graduate Student† (Handout) Published by Grand Canyon University; (2011) Discussion Board Example Discussion Board – Article Example Ethical Use of Power in Management Power in the management context can be defined as the possession of command and control. It is defined as having authority over others who have low ranks and positions. The ethical use of power is usually governed by a set of morals and values. The person exercising the power employs ethical values and morals in order to exercise power ethically. Determining whether power has been used in an ethical way is a difficult exercise. This is because ethical behavior is a relative phenomenon. There is no clear cut line that distinguishes between ethical and unethical behavior. One uses their own discretion to determine what counts as ethical and what does not. Ethics and its application in management are determined by the conditions in the immediate environment, state of mind, timing and the current state of affairs.The ultimate goal of the attribution theory is to help a person, and in this case manager, to comprehend the reason behind a certain human beh avior. This is based on the fact that people need to link causes to behaviors as opposed to assuming that these behaviors are random. This theory fronts that supervisors should react in ways that bring out the positive attitudes of the subordinates (Martinko, 2006). Managers can mitigate the negative outcomes of political behavior by steering clear of taking political sides. Since he is the manager and the overall in charge, he should exercise restraint from leaning towards any political affiliation and should instead act as an authoritative father figure who unites all who are under him (Martinko, 2006).The people in the work environment are often less empowered because the managers exercise all the powers and decision making. This state can be improved by delegating duties to the various subordinates there by instilling a sense of belonging, empowerment and responsibility in them (Martinko, 2006).ReferenceMartinko, M. J. (2006). Attribution theory: an organizational perspective. N ew York: St. Lucie Press. Discussion Board Example Discussion Board – Coursework Example Finance and Accounting Discussion Board of Finance and Accounting Discussion Board PepsiCo is the company that is engaged in making beverages like soft drinks, juices, pure water, tea and energy drinks. Its brands are Tropicana, Pepsi, Mountain Dew, and others. Manufacturing businesses use different techniques in order to manage the cost so to achieve the main goal of the business to increase its profits. PepsiCo also requires Contemporary management technique to achieve its success factors. They have to work on the cost area for their purpose.The accountants of the company could play their role in minimizing the cost. Accountants are advised to apply standard costing method for the purpose. In this method, the expected cost is calculated at the time of purchasing raw material and before the manufacturing process is started. Although a variance is to be found between the actual cost and expected cost but it could be managed by the accountants later. Expected cost will provide help to the accountants to identify the selling price of the product after it is being manufactured. The help in determining the expected cost could be taken by the software as well in the modern world (Marie & Rao, 2010).Accountants could control the cost during the manufacturing process through the strategies such as economies of scale. Economies of scale refer to the units of the products to be manufactured so to set the cost at equilibrium point. The target set by the accountants that the units of products would be that could change later. For example, company has the target to produce 100000 liters of Pepsi but it is found that the units cost is not enough that it could not be recover the accountants could change the strategy (Shi, 2012). References ListMarie, A., & Rao, A. (2010). Is Standard Costing Still Relevant? Evidence from Dubai. Management Accounting Quarterly, 11(2), 1-10.Shi, H. (2012). Economies of scale in the Australian tourism industry. Applied Economics., 44(33), 13.

Is nursing an art, a science, or both Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is nursing an art, a science, or both - Essay Example ctitioners, stated that â€Å"Nursing is an art, and if it is to be made an art, it requires as exclusive a devotion, as hard a preparation, as any painter’s or sculptor’s work, for what is having to do with the living body - the temple of God’s spirit? It is one of the fine Arts; I had almost said the finest of the fine Arts†1. The lexicon defines art as, "both a human creative skill or its application"2. Further, the renowned Plato once asserted that, "Art is the things which are acquired or reduced craft or skill"3. The art and science of nursing permit it to attain its objectives in respect of providing for the health care needs of patients in home, community or institutional health care delivery environments. This entails the use of the nursing process to promote and maintain health, prevent illness, diagnose and manage potential or actual health problems, facilitate adaptation to health impairments, assist rehabilitation and maximize the opportunity for dignity in living and dying. Some authorities were of the opinion that, â€Å"Nurses are faced daily with clinical decisions making. They carry the spirit of caring through the ages as patient’s advocates but now they are being forced to examine ethics to an even greater degree from a world wide point†4. Moreover, nursing, throughout its history was concerned with caring, despite the fact that the concept of care varies according to societal events and needs. This requires the use of the scientific methodology. Furthermore, nurses comprise the largest group of health care professionals and nurses operate from a unique disciplinary perspective and they view each patient as a person in relation to their environment and the social, economic, and political forces that shape this environment. This makes it imperative to recognize that a nurse’s duty consists of maximizing the promotion, maintenance, and restoration of patients’ health after giving due consideration to the infinitely complex

The Arab-Israeli Peace Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Arab-Israeli Peace Process - Essay Example The Oslo process made Israeli forces withdraw from West Bank territory that contained Palestine and was made to be under Palestinians. The treaty brought peace in Palestine. Both the countries had to ensure they provide maximum security to their citizens and prevent the terror attack. There was peace in Palestine because it was their responsibility to ensure that they avoid terror against the Israelis. The Oslo process had some shortcomings in it. The Oslo process broke down because of improper negotiation habits thus turning the peace that was created to the charade. This provided a much safe platform for the Israelis to keep on doing their projects in West Bank and go unpunished (Rothstein, Maoz & Shiqāqī, 2002). Some of these projects harmed the Palestine. The Oslo process led to loose of trust between the countries and there was no peace. The Palestinians are unsatisfied and grieve thinking of what was to yield a wave of peace in their country is bringing harm. The Palestinians lands have been taken because of a construction of roads and walls thus separating the Palestinians communities (Rothstein, Maoz & Shiqāqī, 2002). The number of deaths has increased evidently in the recent killing in Gaza strip and there were more than a thousand individuals killed in the process. After the Oslo process failed there was no room left for subsequent peace talk between the Israelis and Palestinians because of lack of trust, which is a foundation for establishing treaties. From the shortcoming, we see Oslo process as an inappropriate aid, which is falsely framed to bring peace to the